MEMO : XO002
ORIG DATE : 12/10/92
LAST REV : 03/24/2009
TO : Windows Users
FROM : Jason A
Buetow
SUBJECT : Backups
To protect against the loss of the information on the Computer,
a backup of the hard disk is required.
This memo will explain why, when and how the procedure should be
done. It will also answer the most
frequently asked questions people have concerning backups.
Quick overview of backups
1. If you have done more work than you wish to
redo, make a backup.
2.
All users must be out of the RCC program
before starting your backup.
3. Daily backups should consist of the entire
contents of the RCC data directory. (ex.: c:\rcc\d1).
4.
The backup should be setup to:
a.
Always make a log
b.
Always backup all files, never use an
incremental backup.
c.
Always overwrite the media, do not append
multiple backups on a tape.
Quick overview of restoring:
2.
Make a temporary backup copy of material to
be restored on hard drive.
3.
Redo all the work that was done since the
backup that is being restored. Be
especially aware of any information exchange with another company, end of month
updates and any other similar functions.
If you have questions please contact RCC support.
What is a backup and why should I do one?
A
backup is a copy of the information on the hard disk exactly as it is when the
procedure is performed. Backing up does
not remove the information from the hard disk; it copies the information to a
tape. (You may be using another media
other than tapes. For the purposes of
this memo, we will assume tapes are being used.) The information on the hard disk stays on the
hard disk. If the files on the hard disk have been accidentally damaged or
destroyed, the tape may be used later to restore files back to the hard disk. For example, if the system were to go down
during a post, such as from a power outage, a restore of the data must be done
from the most current backup set.
Restoring does not remove the information from the tape. The information on the tape stays there until
the tape is used to backup again (rewritten), or the
tape is damaged.
When should I make a backup?
Daily Backup Procedure
(Author’s anecdote: Some time ago a company experienced a power
outage while doing their day end process.
The situation required that they restore and they had not done a backup
in over two weeks. The result is they
had to restore back and redo over two weeks worth of
work, simply because they do not do backups on a daily basis. This happens rarely, but it does happen. Can you afford to repeat the last two weeks
of work?)
Weekly/Monthly Backup Procedure
Your
weekly and monthly backups should be a complete backup of all the information
(programs and data) on your server. A
full backup should be performed before any RCC updates are installed, at least
once per week, and at the end of each month.
Again, if you have any questions on how to configure your full system
backup, please contact RCC hardware support.
Precautions for all backups
Backing
up is a single-user function in a company!
When making a backup always check the other stations to make sure that
no one is on the system updating/adding information in the files of the company
that is being backed up. All RCC windows
should be closed, and not just minimized.
A person in any RCC menu or function, even just inquiry, will cause an
incomplete backup. An incomplete backup
cannot be used to restore cleanly and should be redone.
When
doing a backup, all files should be backed up, not just new or changed
files. Incremental backups of RCC
information cannot be properly restored back to the hard disk without a much
more complicated restore procedure.
Each
time a backup is done the tape should be overwritten. Backup sets should not be appended to one
another on the tape. This can cause
problems if a backup set needs to be restored.
Restoring information from tape
Under
most conditions, call software support before restoring the data. Software support will verify restoring the
data is the best option. Always write
protect the tape before the restore process (contact software support if unsure
how to write protect the tape). Before
restoring you should also move the data to a temporary location on the hard
drive. In most cases RCC support will do
the restore with you. After the restore
process is completed, change the write protection back to normal.
FAQ’s (Frequently asked questions)
Who is responsible for how my backup is setup?
Why should I use a tape backup system?
Something else would be less money.
Tape backups are still the most reliable method for backing up
data that is: fast, portable and relatively fool-proof. New tape drives can
backup several gigabytes of data in just minutes. Tapes can be moved to an
offsite location very easily. Tape drive software is very clear about if a
backup job was successful or not.
We have hit issues with other methods of backup. CD/DVD backups
tend to fail often. The software may not be clear about the status of your
backup onto disk. These disks also hold a very small amount of data compared to
tapes. Portable/USB hard drives have a very high incidence of failure,
especially when compared to tapes. A failing hard drive is not a safe place to
store data. Moving USB hard drives to an offsite location further increases
your chance of hard drive failure and data loss.
How many tapes should I have?
RCC
recommends that you have ten sets of tapes actively in use. There may be more tapes that are in permanent
storage (i.e. Year-end backup tapes that have been taken out of
circulation.) Please read the
proceeding questions and answer for a full explanation of how your tapes are to
be used.
How should I label my backup tapes? Or What
do the letters on my tape mean?
A
backup set consists of one or more tapes that are created during the backup
procedure. There are three types of
backup sets; Daily, Weekly and Monthly.
The Daily backups have four backup sets.
Each Daily backup set should be labeled as follows: DA, DB, DC or DD. The Weekly backups have three backup
sets. Each Weekly backup set should be
labeled as follows: WA, WB or WC. The Monthly backups have three backup
sets. Each Monthly backup set should be
labeled as follows: MA, MB and MC. If any backup set uses more than one tape
during the backup procedure the backup set should be labeled as follows: DA1, DA2, DA3 ... or DB1, DB2, DB3 ... or WA1, WA2, WA3... or MC1, MC2, MC3 ... . The
date of purchase should be written on each tape label. Be sure to label each set of backups so that
they do not get mixed up.
Which backup set should be used?
In
most cases, the oldest daily backup set will be used to backup the data. One
day a week, the oldest weekly backup set will be used in place of the daily
backup set. For example, if a post is
done once a day, the backup sets used are as follows: Monday use DA set, Tuesday use DB set,
Wednesday use WA set, Thursday use DC set, Friday use DD set, Saturday use DA
set, Monday use DB set, Tuesday use DC set, Wednesday use WB set, Thursday use
DD set, Friday use DA set, Monday use DB set ... . When
making a monthly backup, use the oldest monthly backup set in place of a daily
or weekly backup set. The monthly backup
set is used as follows: January use MA
set, February use MB set, March use MC set, April use MA set, etc.
How do I keep track of when I did which backup on what tape?
(See
attached backup log.)
The
Backup Log Sheet is used to record when a backup set was made. When restoring the backup set, the
information on the Backup Log Sheet will be needed to help ensure the restore
process is done accurately. The
following is an example of Backup Log Sheet.
Backup
Log Sheet
|
|
|
|
Backup
Log Sheet
|
|
||
Month__January________________________ |
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Date |
Time |
By |
Set |
Type of Backup |
Last thing done/first thing to do |
||
1-3 |
11:30 |
KFS |
DA |
Daily |
Finished daily
entry, just about to start post |
|
|
1-4 |
4:15 |
SSP |
DB
|
Daily |
Printed stmts, backup before
start post |
|
|
1-5 |
1:00 |
SSP |
WA |
Full System |
Backup just before end of day end process |
|
|
1-6 |
4:40 |
KFS |
DC |
Daily |
Backup before start of month end |
|
|
1-7 |
12:00 |
KFS |
DD |
Daily |
Backup
just before stat of day end process
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1-10 |
9:00 |
SSP |
DA |
Daily |
Backup before year end process |
|
|
1-11 |
3:45 |
SSP |
DB |
Daily |
Backup before running stmts |
|
|
1-12 |
8:30 |
KFS |
WB |
Full System |
Before Electronic Transfer |
|
|
1-13 |
4:00 |
KFS |
DC |
Daily |
Backup before end of day process |
|
|
1-14 |
3:30 |
SSP |
DD |
Daily |
Backup before post |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
DATE column is used to log the date
the backup was made. The TIME column is used to log the time of
day the backup was made. The BY column is used to log the initials of
the person that made the backup. The
person who made the backup might be able to give some valuable information in
the event the backup set is needed. The SET column is used to log what backup
set was used when the backup was made.
The TYPE OF BACKUP column is
used to log what type of backup when the backup was made. This will help in the restoring or listing of
that backup set. The LAST THING DONE BEFORE BACKUP column is used to record the last
thing done before the backup and other information you need to know in case of
a future restore. This information
determines what work was subsequently done and must be redone in the event of a
restore.
How should I store my backup tapes?
Why does the tape spin so much when I first insert it?
The
retention of a tape is done automatically before each backup procedure is
started. Retention of a tape is the
physical rewinding of the tape on its spools.
This verifies the tape is tightly wrapped around the tape's spools and
helps ensure the integrity of the tape.
When should a tape be replaced?
When
a tape has been determined to have a problem, the tape should be replaced. If a tape is having marginal problems, mark
the tape label with the date the problem occurred. Replace the tape if there are
more than one problem with that tape.
The cost of lost information as a result of a bad tape far exceeds that
of new tapes. (Many tape manufactures have a lifetime warranty on their
tapes. See the manufacturer of the tape
for more details.) Twice a year, at
calendar and fiscal year-end, a backup set should be removed from the cycle and
used as year-end backup sets. The first
year-end backup should be a full backup at the end of the calendar year. The second year end backup should be a daily
backup done before fiscal year end (if you use G/L). If you do not use G/L do the second backup at
calendar year-end. An attempt should be
made to use the two backup sets with the oldest dates of purchase as the
year-end backups. New tapes should
replace year-end backup set tapes. Be
sure to label the new backup sets the same as those that were removed from the
cycle. Year-end backups consist of two
separate backups. The first type of
year-end backup is a full system (a monthly backup). Completing the steps listed in the
“Weekly/Monthly Backup Procedure” section of this memo does this backup. The second type of year-end backup is that of
all users data (a daily backup). Completing the steps listed in “Daily Backup
Procedure” section of this memo does this backup. Be sure to label the year-end backups. (For example; "2000
Year-End Full System" and "2000 Year-End All Users Data".) The year-end backups should be stored at the
off-site location along with the weekly and monthly backups.
If
you have backup questions that have not been answered, or would like someone to
make certain your backups are working properly, please call RCC hardware
support.
How Can I be certain a backup is good?
Tapes
are very reliable and it is very rare to have a back error. Most backups are set to automatically verify
themselves after a backup is completed.
There is also a backup log made at the end of most backups. Please consult your vendor per the
“Responsibilities” paragraph if you have further questions.
Backup Log Sheet
Month__________________________ |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Date |
Time |
By |
Set |
Type of Backup |
Last thing
done/First thing to do |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|